you can do two things.
A) Cut a gauge using a piece of steel. you can make the maximum as a square cut (Female slot).
Might be able to do this with a small file and where the back end of the caliper rail (depth probe) can fit.
You can make a thin rod and have the max on one side and the min on the other althoug the minimum
in this case is not going to be your problem that most times is failure to ignite the primer and therfire
failure to fire.
Depth probe is nr. 5 on this graphic.
Parts of the Vernier Caliper
The metal part must fit inside the bolt's head. Then when pushing the pin it must go into the slot but should not touch
nor push the gauge you just made.
This is different firearm but it will give you and idea of what a simple metal gauge should do....
B) Use the depth probe. Since you have to measure from the face of the bolt and the back end of the capliper will not go
into the recess of the bolt you have to make a reading first from the edge of the bolt (ring around the AR bolt lugs)
or there reset your caliper to zero. then close the bolt and push the pin against the bolt so it protrudes to the maximum
so now you can take a reading with the caliper again but the depth probe touching the pin. The trick here is since the pin
is round make sure the probe stays on the very tip of the pin and doesn't slide down.
In the below video, this is what this extension is for. It migrates the protrusion to a bushing that fits inside recessed bolts like the AR and it is also flat so it can simply measured w/o slipping off and angle errors. but my take you do not need it. The caliper alone should be able to do it.
Once you measure your protrusion you will know if this is the problem or you can discard this. but to me this is going to
be the issue. Also remember the AR pin must stop at the back of the pin (large ring) and hit the carrier there and not the taper int he tip of the pin.
Good luck.